Brazil has the world's ninth largest economy by nominal GDP, and the eighth largest by purchasing power parity. The Brazilian economy is characterized by an inward-oriented economy. Brazil's economy is the largest of Latin America and the second largest in the Americas. However, Brazil's economy growth decelerated in [16] and the country entered a recession in According to the World Economic Forum , Brazil was the top country in upward evolution of competitiveness in , gaining eight positions among other countries, overcoming Russia for the first time, and partially closing the competitiveness gap with India and China among the BRIC economies.

Important steps taken since the s toward fiscal sustainability, as well as measures taken to liberalize and open the economy, have significantly boosted the country's competitiveness fundamentals, providing a better environment for private-sector development.

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In Forbes ranked Brazil as having the 5th largest number of billionaires in the world, a number much larger than what is found in other Latin American countries, and even ahead of United Kingdom and Japan. When the Portuguese explorers arrived in the 16th century, the native tribes of current-day Brazil , totaled about 2.

From Portugal's colonization of Brazil — until the late s, the Brazilian economy relied on the production of primary products for exports. In the Portuguese Empire , Brazil was a colony subjected to an imperial mercantile policy, which had three main large-scale economic production cycles — sugar, gold and from the early 19th century on, coffee.

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The economy of Brazil was heavily dependent on African slave labor until the late 19th century about 3 million imported African slaves in total. In that period Brazil was also the colony with the largest amount of European settlers, most of them Portuguese including Azoreans and Madeirans but also some Dutch see Dutch Brazil , Spaniards, English, French, Germans, Flemish, Danish, Scottish and Sephardic Jews.

Since then, Brazil experienced a period of strong economic and demographic growth accompanied by mass immigration from Europe, mainly from Portugal including the Azores and Madeira , Italy , Spain , Germany , Poland , Ukraine , Switzerland , Austria and Russia.

Smaller numbers of immigrants also came from the Netherlands , France , Finland , Iceland and the Scandinavian countries, Lithuania , Belgium , Bulgaria , Hungary , Greece , Latvia , England , Ireland , Scotland , Croatia , Czech Republic , Malta , Macedonia and Luxembourg , the Middle East mainly from Lebanon , Syria and Armenia , Japan, the United States and South Africa , until the s.

In the New World, the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Australia, Uruguay, New Zealand, Chile, Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Paraguay, Puerto Rico and Peru in descending order were the countries that received most immigrants. In Brazil's case, statistics showed that 4.

Its industrial sector accounts for three-fifths of the Latin American economy's industrial production. Due to a downturn in Western economies, Brazil found itself in trying to halt the appreciation of the real.

The service sector is the largest component of GDP at Agribusiness contributes to Brazil's trade balance , in spite of trade barriers and subsidizing policies adopted by the developed countries. Brazil created and expanded a complex agribusiness sector. The importance given to the rural producer takes place in the shape of the agricultural and cattle-raising plan and through another specific subsidy program geared towards family agriculture Pronaf , which guarantee financing for equipment and cultivation and encourage the use of new technology.

With regards to family agriculture, over thousand rural inhabitants are assisted by credit, research and extension programs. A special line of credit is available for women and young farmers. With The Land Reform Program, on the other hand, the country's objective is to provide suitable living and working conditions for over one million families who live in areas allotted by the State, an initiative capable of generating two million jobs.

Through partnerships, public policies and international partnerships, the government is working towards the guarantee of an infrastructure for the settlements, following the examples of schools and health outlets. The idea is that access to land represents just the first step towards the implementation of a quality land reform program. In the cattle-raising sector, the "green ox," which is raised in pastures, on a diet of hay and mineral salts, conquered markets in Asia, Europe and the Americas, particularly after the " mad cow disease " scare period.

A pioneer and leader in the manufacture of short-fiber timber cellulose , Brazil has also achieved positive results within the packaging sector, in which it is the fifth largest world producer. In the foreign markets, it answers for 25 percent of global exports of raw cane and refined sugar; it is the world leader in soybean exports and is responsible for 80 percent of the planet's orange juice, and since , has had the highest sales figures for beef and chicken, among the countries that deal in this sector.

Brazil has the third-largest manufacturing sector in the Americas. With increased economic stability provided by the Plano Real , Brazilian and multinational businesses have invested heavily in new equipment and technology, a large proportion of which has been purchased from US firms.

Brazil has a diverse and sophisticated services industry as well. During the early s, the banking sector accounted for as much as 16 percent of the GDP. Although undergoing a major overhaul, Brazil's financial services industry provides local businesses with a wide range of products and is attracting numerous new entrants, including U. Also, the previously monopolistic reinsurance sector is being opened up to third party companies. As of [update] 31 December , there were an estimated 21,, broadband lines in Brazil.

Over 75 percent of the broadband lines were via DSL and 10 percent via cable modems. Proven mineral resources are extensive. Large iron and manganese reserves are important sources of industrial raw materials and export earnings. Deposits of nickel, tin, chromite, uranium, bauxite, beryllium, copper, lead, tungsten, zinc, gold, and other minerals are exploited.

High-quality coking-grade coal required in the steel industry is in short supply. In , 20 Brazilian companies were listed in the Forbes Global list — an annual ranking of the top public companies in the world by Forbes magazine. The Brazilian government has undertaken an ambitious program to reduce dependence on imported petroleum. Brazil is one of the world's leading producers of hydroelectric power, with a current capacity of about , megawatts. Brazil's first commercial nuclear reactor, Angra I , located near Rio de Janeiro , has been in operation for more than 10 years.

Angra II was completed in and is in operation too. An Angra III had a planned inauguration scheduled for The three reactors would have a combined capacity of 9, megawatts when completed.

The government also plans to build 19 more nuclear plants by the year Portuguese explorers arrived in , but it was only in that Brazil obtained a permit from the Portuguese colonial government to set up its first factories and manufacturers. In the 21st century, Brazil reached the status of 8th largest economy in the world.

Originally, the exports were basic raw and primary goods, such as sugar, rubber and gold. The period of great economic transformation and growth occurred between and In the last decade, domestic production increased by Brazil's transparency rank in the international world is 75th according to Transparency International.

Among measures recently adopted to balance the economy, Brazil carried out reforms to its social security state and retirement pensions and tax systems. These changes brought with them a noteworthy addition: At the same time, investments were made towards administration efficiency and policies were created to encourage exports, industry and trade, thus creating "windows of opportunity" for local and international investors and producers.

With these alterations in place, Brazil has reduced its vulnerability: Thus, respected economists say that the country won't be deeply affected by the current world economic crisis. In , President Michel Temer refuses to make public the list of companies accused of " modern slavery ". The list, made public since the presidency of Lula Da Silva in , ad to oblige companies to settle their fines and to conform to the regulations in a country in a country where corruption of the political class by the private sector would have risked to compromise the respect for the law.

The relations of the president-in-office with the "landowner lobby" are denounced by the dismissed president Dilma Rousseff on this occasion. Support for the productive sector has been simplified at all levels; active and independent, Congress and the Judiciary Branch carry out the evaluation of rules and regulations. Further resources guarantee the propagation of business and information telecenters.

Between and , 7. The largest transaction with involvement of Brazilian companies has been: According to a search of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor in Brazil had 27 million adults aged between 18 and 64 either starting or owning a business, meaning that more than one in four Brazilian adults were entrepreneurs.

In comparison to the other 54 countries studied, Brazil was the third-highest in total number of entrepreneurs. Even though Brazil ranks internationally as one of the hardest countries in the region to do business due to its complicated bureaucracy. There is a healthy number of entrepreneurs, thanks to the huge market and the government programs.

The most recent research of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor revealed in that Brazil is a country with extreme differences in wages. All twenty-eight member states of the European Union are also members of the WTO in their own right: Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China , participates as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao China".

Officially the Republic of China, participates as " Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu ", and "Chinese Taipei" in short. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article has multiple issues.

Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Learn how and when to remove these template messages. Population below poverty line. CIA World Fact Book All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

Higher GNI per capita compared to Brazil. Lower GNI per capita compared to Brazil. Economic history of Brazil. List of companies of Brazil. Energy policy of Brazil and Renewable energy in Brazil. World Economic Outlook Database, International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 19 April Retrieved 3 February Retrieved on 30 March Retrieved 25 April Retrieved on 20 August Retrieved 22 August Retrieved 16 April Retrieved 25 July Retrieved 17 March Retrieved on 24 October Retrieved 29 April Instrument of Peace, Strength, Development and Prosperity.

Brazil Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances. Brazil International Monetary Fund.

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